Male Infertility Treatments

When the epididymis (the duct leading the sperm into the penis) is blocked or when sperm production is insufficient, retrieval of sperm from the testes or the epididymis using different techniques can be performed. Microinjection (ICSI) can then be performed with the retrieved sperm.

PESA (Percutaneous Sperm Aspiration) is the aspiration of sperm directly from the duct. 

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) is the aspiration of sperm directly from the testes when no sperm is retrieved with PESA.

TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction), the removal of small testicular samples  (biopsies) to look for sperm, is performed if no sperm is found with either technique, or when sperm production is known to be considerably reduced.