Sonohysterogram (SHG): This test involves injecting sterile fluid  through the cervix into the uterus with a catheter and viewing the uterine cavity with the help of an ultrasound. It is usually performed before the start of an IVF procedure.

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): This test involves injecting a tablespoon of dye through the cervix into the uterus and viewing the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes with the help of an x-ray. The test gives information about the shape and condition of the uterine cavity as well as the tubes. If the tubes are blocked, the hysterosalpingogram will show the site of the blockage since dye can't flow past the blockage. It is also useful in checking the inside of the uterus. It is performed after menstruation but before ovulation as an outpatient procedure. It does not require any anesthetic but may be slightly painful. The pressure during the administration of the dye may sometimes clear tubal mucus plugs which can in turn solve the infertility problem. 

Laparoscopy: A laparoscope is a telescope that is inserted into the abdomen and allows the doctor to inspect the pelvic organs and to perform corrective surgery. The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia. A tiny incision is made just below the navel and carbon dioxide gas is placed into the abdominal cavity. This separates the bowel from the abdominal wall so that the laparoscope can be inserted safely. The laparoscope is then connected to a powerful light source, which allows the surgeon to look inside the abdomen and directly examine the pelvic organs. If surgery is to be performed, additional incisions may be made to insert other instruments. Laparoscopy is usually performed when the HSG is unsatisfactory, or when unexplained infertility, genital organ anomalies, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts and fibroids are present.

Hysteroscopy: A hysteroscope is a telescopic instrument that is used to view the inside of the uterus. The patient may or may not be given an anesthetic in which case she can also watch the procedure on screen. A small amount of gas is injected into the uterine cavity to open it up and the hysteroscope which is attached to a very bright light source is inserted through the cervix and allows the uterine cavity to be examined. Hysterocopy is particularly useful when problems inside the uterus such as uterine adhesions, abnormalities of the uterine wall, and fibroids inside the uterine cavity are suspected. Corrective surgery can also be performed during  a hysteroscopy.